Dynamic evaluation of consequences of toxic gas dispersion in fire of crowded places

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2021.12.022

Abstract

Abstract: In order to quantitatively evaluate consequences of fire accidents in crowed places, dorm building was selected as a typical fire scenario, PyroSim software was used to obtain spatial-temporal distribution of toxic gases' concentration, and Pathfinder software was utilized to obtain such distribution of occupants' locations. Then, based on results output by the two software, data query algorithm written by Matlab code was adopted to obtain exposure concentration of occupants during evacuation, and average inhalation dose was calculated as an index to evaluate consequences of different fire scenarios. The results show that the consequence is the worst when fire occurs on the first floor. Opening two evacuation exits will greatly reduce impacts of fire accidents. As detection time decreases, average absorbed dose basically decreases linearly. When fire source is close to staircase, drop in detection time plays a greater role in reducing consequences.

Key words: crowed places, toxic gases dispersion in fire, PyroSim software, Pathfinder software dynamic evaluation

CLC Number:

X932

WANG Jiyun, ZONG Ruowen, LU Shouxiang. Dynamic evaluation of consequences of toxic gas dispersion in fire of crowded places[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(12): 167-175.

References

[1] 王志刚. 典型液体池火燃烧特性及其烟气的细水雾幕控制方法研究[D]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学, 2018.
WANG Zhigang. Studies on combustion characteristics of typical liquid poor fire and its smoke control method using water mist curtain [D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2018.
[2] 陈耀宏, 任炳潭. 洛阳市东都商厦“12.25”特大火灾人员大量死亡原因分析[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2001,20(5):57-61.
CHEN Yaohong, REN Bingtan. Analysis of the reasons for the heavy deaths of “12.25” disastrous fire in Dongdu commercial building of Luoyang city [J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2001,20(5):57-61.
[3] ZENG Lingjie, GAO Jun, WANG Qiong, et al. A risk assessment approach for evaluating the impact of toxic contaminants released indoors by considering various emergency ventilation and evacuation strategies [J]. Risk analysis, 2018, 38(11):2 379-2 399.
[4] SIDDIQUI M, JAYANTI S, SWAMINATHAN T. CFD analysis of dense gas dispersion in indoor environment for risk assessment and risk mitigation [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2012, 209/210:177-185.
[5] 李娜,张艳,华宇东,等.外界风场对高铁车厢行李火灾发展的影响[J].中国安全科学学报,2020,30(12):141-147.
LI Na, ZHANG Yan, HUA Yudong, et al. Impact of external wind field on spread of luggage fire in high-speed rail Carriage [J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2020, 30(12):141-147.
[6] 陶亮亮, 王浩然, 刘振撼, 等. 水幕排烟系统对烟气控制及排烟效率的影响研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(2):120-126.
TAO Liangliang, WANG Haoran, LIU Zhenhan, et al. Study on influence of water curtain smoke exhaust system on smoke control and exhaust efficiency [J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(2):120-126.
[7] 叶成豪, 刘月婵, 孙超, 等.考虑火灾产物影响条件下的人员疏散仿真研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2020,30(6):142-151.
YE Chenghao, LIU Yuechan, SUN Chao, et al. Simulation study on personnel evacuation considering impacts of fire products [J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2020, 30(6):142-151.
[8] 陈一洲, 陈文涛, 张无敌,等. 复杂建筑人员密集区域疏散模型[J].中国安全科学学报, 2019, 29(5):13-18.
CHEN Yizhou, CHEN Wentao, ZHANG Wudi, et al. Research on evacuation model in densely populated area in a complex building [J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2019, 29(5):13-18.
[9] 袁春燕, 王坤, 陈虹燕, 等. 激励机制下的高层建筑火灾人员疏散效率研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2020, 30(8):79-85.
YUAN Chunyan, WANG Kun, CHEN Hongyan, et al. Research on evacuation efficiency of high-rise buildings in case of fires considering incentive mechanism [J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2020, 30(8):79-85.
[10] LOVREGLIO R, RONCHI E, MARAGKOS G, et al. A dynamic approach for the impact of a toxic gas dispersion hazard considering human behaviour and dispersion modelling [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2016, 318:758-771.
[11] WANG Jiyun, YU Xiaoyang, ZONG Ruowen. A dynamic approach for evaluating the consequences of toxic gas dispersion in the chemical plants using CFD and evacuation modelling [J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2020, 65(3):104156.
[12] 席学军, 史聪灵, 代德军. 基于动态毒性负荷的人员疏散安全评估方法[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2016, 12(5):170-173.
XI Xuejun, SHI Congling, DAI Dejun. Assessment method of personnel evacuation safety based on dynamic toxic load [J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2016, 12(5):170-173.
[13] 郑霞忠, 田丹, 晋良海, 等. 考虑空间效应的毒气扩散当量危害研究[J]. 灾害学, 2018, 33(1):1-4.
ZHENG Xiazhong, TIAN Dan, JIN Lianghai, et al. Study on the equivalent hazard of toxic gas diffusion considering spatial effect [J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 2018, 33(1):1-4.
[14] CAI Hao, LONG Weiding, LI Xianting, et al. Evaluating emergency ventilation strategies under different contaminant source locations and evacuation modes by efficiency factor of contaminant source (EFCS) [J]. Building and Environment, 2010, 45(2):485-497.
[15] 杨有财, 李荣勋, 刘光烨. 热降解动力学方法研究ABS的降解机理[J]. 中国塑料, 2010, 24(7):47-50.
YANG Youcai,LI Rongxun,LIU Guangye. Degradation mechanism of ABS by thermal degradation kinetics [J]. China Plastics, 2010, 24(7):47-50.
[16] 李琰, 张燕. 连体宿舍楼火灾模拟与安全疏散研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2019, 15(1):163-168.
LI Yan, ZHANG Yan. Study on fire simulation and safety evacuation of connected dormitory buildings [J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2019, 15(1):163-168.
[17] SELLAMI I, MANESCAU B, CHETEHOUNA K, et al. BLEVE fireball modeling using fire dynamics simulator (FDS) in an Algerian gas industry [J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2018, 54:69-84.
[18] 李琳, 程远平, 吴蕾, 等. 高校学生宿舍消防安全疏散[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2010, 29(2):122-125.
LI Lin, CHENG Yuanping, WU Lei, et al. Fire safety evacuation research on college student dormitories [J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2010, 29(2):122-125.
[19] CCPS. Guidelines for consequences analysis of chemical releases [M]. New Yok: American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1999:254-255.
[20] 黎强, 刘清辉, 张慧, 等. 火灾烟气中有毒气体的体积分数分布与危害[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2003, 12(3):69-74.
LI Qiang, LIU Qinghui, ZHANG Hui, et al. Concentration distribution and hazard of toxic gases in fire smoke [J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2003, 12(3):69-74.